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              <text>Molly Barth copy:&#13;
This is the one-third scale model of The Freedom of the Human Spirit.  You can stand right here and then look right behind it and see the full-size fiberglass cast of the sculpture that was made for the 1964 World's Fair at Flushing Meadow, New York.  Recently, Fredericks donated the full-size model to the city of Birmingham so it could be cast in bronze and put up in downtown Birmingham, Michigan.  [Did he actually give the model?]  It is an uplifting piece.  You can stand here and see the pins and the joints and understand how it is put together.  Fredericks starts small, and then it's enlarged and enlarged again and you can see how he went from this one-third scale model to the full-scale model.</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
Fredericks is quoted explaining the Freedom of the Human Spirit:&#13;
&#13;
"I tried to take the male and female figures and free them from the earth. The only reason they stand up in the space at all is because they are suspended by sort of semi-visible abstract forms that keep them in the air, and then there are three giant wind swans flying with them. The idea was that these human beings, these people-us, do not have to be limited to the earth, to the ground. We can free ourselves mentally and spiritually whenever we want to, if we just try to do so."</text>
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&#13;
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 &#13;
Although the first clowns date back to ancient times, the descendants of modern clowns were the traveling minstrels of the Middle Ages.  They wore brightly colored costumes with ruffled collars and bells, plus they painted their faces or wore masks.  They entertained by various means including poetry, music, juggling, acrobatics, and working with trained animals.  Not until the sixteenth century when the commedia dell' arte began did pantomime become popular.  Today it is a basic tool for clowns.  From very early times the purpose of the clown was to display the gamut of human experience and emotion in an uninhibited manner, often by exaggeration.  &#13;
&#13;
Fredericks' clowns possess all the characteristic attributes.  First, they wear the familiar costume: baggy pants, bells, and ruffled neck, wrist and ankle bands.  Their faces are painted also.  Their postures and gestures are very expressive.  The Lovesick Clown shows exaggerated, unrepressed emotion.  The mute Clown Musicians with their invisible instruments humorously remind us of the ability of clowns to entertain without sound.  The Circus Train Clown has the circus train down below on the base and the Lovesick Clown has Cupid's arrow through his heart. The Acrobat Clown is depicted with a little dog balancing on the palms of his hands.  The Juggler Clown has a ball balanced on the tip of his nose and the Clown Musicians play their imaginary instruments.  &#13;
&#13;
Fredericks sculpted the clowns using simple geometric shapes.  The forms are highly stylized with clean lines and sharp edges making them visually appealing. &#13;
&#13;
The bronze full-scale sculptures are located outside the Arbury Fine Arts Center near the University Art Gallery on the campus interior's courtyard.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6350714404/in/set-72157628015891879" target="_blank"&gt;Three Clowns, Meijer Gardens, Grand Rapids&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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Bronze, cast 1988&#13;
&#13;
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks&#13;
1991.044&#13;
&#13;
Although the first clowns date back to ancient times, the descendants of modern clowns were the traveling minstrels of the Middle Ages.  They wore brightly colored costumes with ruffled collars and bells, plus they painted their faces or wore masks.  They entertained by various means including poetry, music, juggling, acrobatics, and working with trained animals.  Not until the sixteenth century when the commedia dell' arte began did pantomime become popular.  Today it is a basic tool for clowns.  From very early times the purpose of the clown was to display the gamut of human experience and emotion in an uninhibited manner, often by exaggeration.  &#13;
&#13;
Fredericks' clowns possess all the characteristic attributes.  First, they wear the familiar costume: baggy pants, bells, and ruffled neck, wrist and ankle bands.  Their faces are painted also.  Their postures and gestures are very expressive.  The Lovesick Clown shows exaggerated, unrepressed emotion.  The mute Clown Musicians with their invisible instruments humorously remind us of the ability of clowns to entertain without sound.  The Circus Train Clown has the circus train down below on the base and the Lovesick Clown has Cupid's arrow through his heart. The Acrobat Clown is depicted with a little dog balancing on the palms of his hands.  The Juggler Clown has a ball balanced on the tip of his nose and the Clown Musicians play their imaginary instruments.  &#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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Bronze, cast 1988&#13;
&#13;
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks&#13;
1991.041&#13;
&#13;
Although the first clowns date back to ancient times, the descendants of modern clowns were the traveling minstrels of the Middle Ages.  They wore brightly colored costumes with ruffled collars and bells, plus they painted their faces or wore masks.  They entertained by various means including poetry, music, juggling, acrobatics, and working with trained animals.  Not until the sixteenth century when the commedia dell' arte began did pantomime become popular.  Today it is a basic tool for clowns.  From very early times the purpose of the clown was to display the gamut of human experience and emotion in an uninhibited manner, often by exaggeration.  &#13;
&#13;
Fredericks' clowns possess all the characteristic attributes.  First, they wear the familiar costume: baggy pants, bells, and ruffled neck, wrist and ankle bands.  Their faces are painted also.  Their postures and gestures are very expressive.  The Lovesick Clown shows exaggerated, unrepressed emotion.  The mute Clown Musicians with their invisible instruments humorously remind us of the ability of clowns to entertain without sound.  The Circus Train Clown has the circus train down below on the base and the Lovesick Clown has Cupid's arrow through his heart. The Acrobat Clown is depicted with a little dog balancing on the palms of his hands.  The Juggler Clown has a ball balanced on the tip of his nose and the Clown Musicians play their imaginary instruments.  &#13;
&#13;
Fredericks sculpted the clowns using simple geometric shapes.  The forms are highly stylized with clean lines and sharp edges making them visually appealing. &#13;
&#13;
The bronze full-scale sculptures are located outside the Arbury Fine Arts Center near the University Art Gallery on the campus interior's courtyard.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6350714404/in/set-72157628015891879" target="_blank"&gt;Three Clowns, Meijer Gardens, Grand Rapids&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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&#13;
"RE: Bacchante and Persephone&#13;
&#13;
On July 26, 1991 Molly told me that she had changed the original date of Bacchante from 1938 to 1935 in her records. She also said that Henry Booth (George's son) wanted it enlarged and placed at Cranbrook. Since a Bacchante is a female follower of the Roman wine god Bacchus, this name was not considers appropriate. Thus, when Fredericks enlarged Bacchante and placed it at the Cranbrook Greek Theater in 1972 he changed the name to Persephone."&#13;
&#13;
From Jennifer Lentz (Collection Documentation Intern 1991-1992)&#13;
Memo dated September 5, 1991&#13;
&#13;
"RE: Works at Cranbrook Academy of Art Museum:&#13;
Two Sisters/Mother and Child&#13;
Childhood Friends&#13;
Torso of a Dancer&#13;
Persephone (Bacchante)&#13;
&#13;
Also on display is a small-scale Persephone which we call Bacchante. The label states it was created in 1935 and cast in 1989. The 1935 date corresponds to our records but we had this cast dated to 1991. I think the 1989 date is more accurate."</text>
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Bronze, cast c. 1940&#13;
&#13;
Gift of Rogers I. and Mary L. Marquis&#13;
1991.040&#13;
&#13;
A bacchante is a female follower of Bacchus, the goddess of spring in Roman mythology. Bacchante are known for their gaiety, mad songs, and frenzied dancing. Fredericks captured the spirit of these creatures in this sculpture through the stout, muscular body and its graceful lines. In 1938, Bacchante won first prize in sculpture in the Dance International exhibition in New York City. In 1972, Henry Booth commissioned Fredericks to make a life-size enlargement of the Bacchante for Cranbrook's Greek Theatre. Fredericks named the larger figure Persephone, the goddess of spring. A comparison of the Bacchante with the full-size plaster Persephone, or with the bronze Persephone in the Sculpture Garden, shows that the sculptor slenderized the later figure, but otherwise did not alter the youthful vitality and beauty of the Bacchante.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6351338698/in/set-72157628015891879"&gt;Persephone, Cranbrook, Bloomfield Hills, MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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Fredericks, Suzanne P. "Marshall M. Fredericks, Sculptor", Saginaw Valley State University, 2003. pp 14-15&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
From Jennifer Lentz (Collection Documentation Intern 1991-1992)&#13;
From a Memo dated March 25, 1992&#13;
RE: Conversation with Mr. Fredericks about the history of several works in the gallery&#13;
&#13;
"Sun Worshipper--He made this for fun while teaching at Cranbrook in 1937. He hoped to create it in life size and carve it in granite."</text>
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&#13;
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks&#13;
1991.039&#13;
&#13;
Fredericks treated this enigmatic, contemporary figure in a classical manner, but the result has a spiritual, ritualistic quality. Her upturned face is parallel with the sky so that her throat is stretched almost beyond physical capability. The figure's bold form is deeply carved, with angular, archaized features, ranging from the relatively naturalistic hands and feet to the striated, abstracted forms of her hair, which are echoed in the faceted drape of her skirt. The body itself is sensitively rendered with lifelike proportions and curves. Muscular, solid, and androgynous, Sun Worshipper is a powerful figure captured in a vulnerable moment. This figure is curled upon itself and turned psychologically inward, but the dramatic gesture of the unturned face suggests a spiritual quest, a philosophical concept that Fredericks has explored elsewhere.&#13;
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              <text>	Molly Barth copy:&#13;
	The next piece (behind John F. Kennedy) is Mercury.  This was done for the 1960 campaign for the Mercury Motors Division of Ford Motor Company.  It was cast in nickel and used in their advertising.  In 1988, that nickel cast was located in the office of Donald Peterson, then the Chief Executive officer of Ford Motor Company.  A miniature version of Mercury is in the gift case.  Again, the sculpture was used as part of an award.     </text>
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                <text>Mercury, 1960&#13;
Plaster original&#13;
&#13;
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks&#13;
1991.038&#13;
&#13;
Mercury, the equivalent of the Greek god Hermes, was a messenger for the gods and patron of racing and athletes.  His special duty was to conduct the souls of the dead to the underworld.  In time he also became the Roman god of commerce and merchants.  His attributes were winged sandals, a winged cap or petasus and the caduceus, a winged staff with two serpents coiled around it. &#13;
&#13;
The Mercury Division of the Ford Motor Company commissioned this sculpture in 1959 to advertise the 1960 Mercury.  It was cast in Nickel and used for advertising.  The polished nickel Mercury sculptures can be seen at the Benson Ford Research Center on the campus of The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/marshallfredericks/6351228178/in/set-72157628015891879"&gt;Mercury, Benson Ford Research Center, Dearborn, MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Thematic tour copy:&#13;
John F. Kennedy, 1970, plaster&#13;
Cast in bronze and mounted on 6 foot marble, it's located at the Macomb County Building in Mt. Clemens, MI.  It was placed between the county building and Courts Building which now covers the spot from which Kennedy delivered a campaign speech before 20,000 persons in October, 1960. Its cost was a mere $18,000 raised by the John F. Kennedy Macomb Memorial Committee. &#13;
 	Fredericks claimed to have studied more than 100 photographs of Kennedy most of them from the Library of Congress-while modeling preliminary busts. He claimed the pictures were of him at different ages. Fredericks never met Kennedy (he met Eisenhower and Johnson) but considered him "intense and earnest but youthful and idealistic-a dreamer." He wanted to capture the earnest feeling that he had and the youthful energy and vitality and as a visionary. This work was the first presidential bust made by Fredericks. He only did one model to keep it fresh. It is 200 times the size of a human head in volume.&#13;
	Kennedy was assassinated in November of 1963 in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald.  &#13;
&#13;
Website reference: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jk35.html&#13;
Kennedy, John Fitzgerald (1917-1963), 35th president of the United States (1961-1963), the youngest person ever to be elected president. He was also the first Roman Catholic president and the first president to be born in the 20th century.&#13;
Biography: On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days in office, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed by an assassin's bullets as his motorcade wound through Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was the youngest man elected President; he was the youngest to die. &#13;
Of Irish descent, he was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917. Graduating from Harvard in 1940, he entered the Navy. In 1943, when his PT boat was rammed and sunk by a Japanese destroyer, Kennedy, despite grave injuries, led the survivors through perilous waters to safety. &#13;
Back from the war, he became a Democratic Congressman from the Boston area, advancing in 1953 to the Senate. He married Jacqueline Bouvier on September 12, 1953. In 1955, while recuperating from a back operation, he wrote Profiles in Courage, which won the Pulitzer Prize in history. He and Jackie had two children John Jr. and Caroline.&#13;
Website reference: www.encarta.msn.com&#13;
Kennedy was assassinated before he completed his third year as president. His achievements, both foreign and domestic, were therefore limited. Nevertheless, his influence was worldwide, and his handling of the Cuban missile crisis may have prevented war. Young people especially admired him, and perhaps no other president was so popular. He brought to the presidency an awareness of the cultural and historical traditions of the United States and an appreciation of intellectual excellence. Because Kennedy eloquently expressed the values of 20th-century America, his presidency had an importance beyond its legislative and political achievements. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Jennifer Lentz, Collection Documentation Intern, Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Gallery, October 23, 1991 memo:&#13;
&#13;
Re:  JOHN F. KENNEDY&#13;
While in the studio I found a photograph of the cast in Mt. Clemens.  The plaque on the pedestal reads as follows:&#13;
&#13;
JOHN F. KENNEDY&#13;
PRESIDENT OF&#13;
THE UNITED STATES&#13;
1961-1963</text>
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&#13;
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Marshall M. Fredericks&#13;
1991.037&#13;
&#13;
Fredericks was commissioned by the John F. Kennedy Macomb Memorial Committee to design this sculpture.  It was placed between the &#13;
County Building and Courts Building on the spot where Kennedy delivered a campaign speech in October, 1960 to 20,000 spectators. &#13;
&#13;
Fredericks claimed to have studied more than 100 photographs of Kennedy, most of them from the Library of Congress, while modeling preliminary busts. He claimed the pictures were of Kennedy at different ages. Fredericks never met Kennedy (he met Eisenhower and Johnson) but considered him "intense and earnest but youthful and idealistic-a dreamer." He wanted to capture the earnest feeling that Kennedy had and the youthful energy and vitality of a visionary. This work was the first presidential bust made by Fredericks.  He only did one model to keep it fresh.  It is 200 times the size of a human head in volume.</text>
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